
Are you managing, organizing and coordinating medications for a loved one and/or for yourself? According to the report “Home Alone: Family Caregivers Providing Complex Chronic Care,” by AARP Public Policy Institute (PPI) and the United Hospital Fund (UHF), 46 percent of family caregivers perform medical and nursing tasks for care recipients with multiple chronic physical and cognitive conditions. 78% of family caregivers who provided medical/nursing tasks were also managing medications, including administering intravenous fluids and injections which there were not trained for. Another recent study by the National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP found one in five caregivers need help talking with doctors and other healthcare professionals.
Adverse medication costs
Medication management is a growing and costly problem for caregivers, seniors and at-risk individuals in the United States. Failure to take medications as prescribed by your physician causes more than 1.5 million preventable medication-related adverse events. According to the 2009 New England Health Institute (NEHI) data, the cost to the US health care system is approximately $290 billion annually. According to the National Council on Aging, older adults are the nation’s largest consumers of prescription and over-the-counter medications. On average, the older adult takes 4-5 prescription medications and 2 over-the-counter medications a day. According to a study of older adults taking five or more medications, 35% experienced an adverse effect from at least one, 63% required physician intervention, 10% required and ER visit, and 11% were hospitalized.Twenty-eight percent of all hospitalizations among older adults were found to be medications related 11% for nonadherence. Medication errors are the 5th leading cause of death for older adults and can create costly and serious, even catastrophic, health problems. There are estimated 7,000 deaths per year due to adverse medications events.
Caregivers Burden – Medication Management
Medications while helpful or even lifesaving, can come with several related problems such as medications interactions, side effects, contraindications or allergic reactions. When taking several medications, the chance of adverse effects increases. Caregivers unfortunately sometimes become caregivers overnight and are expected to master how to do everything else including balance work, children, and their own health and manage medication for their loved ones without prior training or advice. This is where pharmacists can help. Pharmacists continue to be underutilized resources. They are trained experts who educate, train, work and collaborate with physicians, nurses and other healthcare providers to manage medication related issues and improve patient outcomes. The likelihood of medication errors occurring decreases substantially when patients know their pharmacist and feel comfortable asking questions and seeking the pharmacists’ advice. Pharmacist is part of a health care team, working to ensure the best selection and management of your prescription and nonprescription medicines.
Recommendations
As a clinical pharmacist, a parent, and a caregiver, here are my top tips for caregivers on medication management below. Caregivers in doing everything for others tend to not ask for help from others. Caregivers should ask questions and more questions. Ask for help. Feel empowered.
Know your local pharmacists: Like anything in life, shop around. You must feel comfortable with your pharmacist. Get their name, phone number and hours. As the healthcare system is getting more complex, so are new medications, regimens. Pharmacists are an integrated member of the health care team and are well versed in providing advice to caregivers, patients and health care providers on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications.
Know your medications: Doing tip#1 will help with doing tip #2. To many, medications mean one thing – prescription. The word “medications” should always include OTCs, prescriptions, herbals, natural supplements. When talking to your pharmacist and physician, make sure to
Make or have a medication list & get organized: If you have tips #1 and #2, the developing a medication list should be as easy as ABC. Remember, this list should include OTCs, prescriptions, herbals, and natural supplements or remedies. With any adjustments or changes, medication list should be up-to-date as well. There are so many resources, forms and tools to use to stay organized. Microsoft excel is great. American Society of Health System Pharmacists has an awesome form called My Medicine List™. In addition to developing a complete medication list, caregivers can use a pillbox to stay organized and smart phones or phone alarms as a reminder scheme to avoid missing doses.
Medication reconciliation: Caregivers should be part of the hospital discharge process and have access to the discharge notes with list of medications. One obtained, medication list should be updated and communication with primary care provider should occur. Talking to your pharmacist will also be key to avoid therapeutic medication class duplication
Use one pharmacy: In efforts to save money and get discounts, many patients, families tend to switch pharmacies. This means getting reacquainted with another pharmacist. Using one pharmacy – saves caregivers precious time, save money (as your pharmacists can recommend using a mail order pharmacy, if you have insurance and take chronic medications; tips on how to enroll in prescription assistance program (PAP) for those without insurance or their party coverage.
Buying medications online: Before doing so, follow tip #1. Pharmacist can help instruct & advise caregivers and patients on the safest online pharmacies to use. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently launched BeSafeRx, a national campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of buying prescription medicines from fake online pharmacies. To learn more about this campaign, please click here.
Resources: Below are more resources to help.
- Prescription Medications Options for Older Adults: Managing Your Medicines
- National Council on Aging: Center for HealthAging
- NIH Senior Health: Taking Medicines FAQs
- National Family Partnership: Medication Toolkit: Be Aware. Don’t Share
- FDA: My Medicine Record
- How to Dispose of Unused Medicines
- Stability of Refrigerated and Frozen Medications
- American Society for Health System Pharmacists My Medicine List™
- AHRQ Patient Safety Network
- National Patient Safety Foundation
- VA National Patient Safety Center
- National Council on Patient Information and Education
- Consumer Medication Safety: ISMP Resource Website
- Medication Safety: A Toolkit for Families
- Medication Use Safety Training for Seniors
- Be MedWise: Safe Use of OTC Medications
Remember – October is American Pharmacists Month and the team this year is “Know Your PHARMACIST, Know Your MEDICINE.” Caregivers – practice this daily for patient safety & better healthcare outcomes!
Contributor and #treatdiarieschat Guest 10/16/12 – Dr Goldina Erowele, (PharmD) – Clinical Pharmacist, Caregiver, Patient Care Advocate & Cofounder, CareNovate.com





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